Number of LGBT-related laws changed over time
- January 1
- (date unknown)Gender-affirming care becomes legal.Alberta covers the following procedures: -Phalloplasty -Metoidioplasty -Vaginoplasty -Hysterectomy and ovary removal -Breast augmentation and mastectomy (patient must get pre-approval) -Voice therapy Hormones are covered under the Alberta Drug Benefit List. To be eligible, patients must be diagnosed with gender dysphoria by two physicians licensed in Alberta.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 2000, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 2000, New Zealand adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In Morocco, medical gender transitions are framed by a circular issued by the Ministry of Health in 2016. This circular allows transgender people to access medical treatments such as hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgery, under certain conditions and after obtaining the advice of several specialists. ICD-10 classification, containing codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, governs gender medical transitions in Morocco.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 2000, Kyrgyzstan adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.Gender-affirming care falls under provincial jurisdiction. Currently no province or territory restricts it, however some provinces like Alberta have spoken about restricting or outright banning care for minors in the future. In 2000, Canada adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.Ontario covers the following procedures: -Assessment for hormone therapy -Counselling -Augmentation mammoplasty or mastectomy -Private clinic stay and/or ministry-approved services outside Canada -Orchiectomy -Hysterectomy -Salpingo-oophorectomy -Vaginoplasty -Clitoroplasty -Clitoral release -Labiaplasty -Vaginectomy -Metoidioplasty -Phalloplasty -Testicular implants with scrotoplasty -Penile implant Hormones and hormone blockers are partially covered. To get coverage, patients must be referred by a qualified provider.
- January 1LGBT employment discrimination becomes ambiguous.While no law offers explicit protection on the basis of sexual orientation in employment, it could be argued that Article 2 of the General Law on Youth (Law No. 49) (2000), which prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation, could apply to employment matters. However, this law only protects youth between 14 and 25 years of age.
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes ambiguous.City discrimination protection in a few cities. in one county.
- (date unknown)Right to change legal gender becomes legal, but requires medical diagnosis.Under the Gender Reassignment Act (2000), in order to amend their gender markers, applicants must submit an application to the Gender Reassignment Board. Upon examination of the application, the Board verifies that the applicant has undergone gender affirming surgery (Article 15.b.i), that they have adopted "the lifestyle" and has "the gender characteristics of a person of the gender to which the person has been reassigned" (Article 15.b.ii), and that they have received "proper counselling" in relation to their gender identity (Article 15.b.iii). However, in 2011, the High Court of Australia held in AB and AH v. Western Australia (2011) that the surgical procedure is no longer a requirement, but some sort of physical alteration must have taken place. In this instance, HRT can be seen to fulfill this requirement. If the Board is satisfied, they will issue a "recognition certificate" that enables the applicant to request a gender marker change on the birth certificate.
- January 1Equal age of consent becomes equal.
- LGBT discrimination becomes illegal in some contexts.Protection from discrimination based on sexual orientation was probited by the General Law on Youth (Law 49/2000) and Article 11 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. In 2011 Law 135/2011 on HIV/AIDS prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Several attempts have been made to prohibit discrimination for LGBT folks since 2015 in the state legislatures but have encountered many barriers. A new penal code project has been considered since but has lingered in parliament.
- Serving openly in military becomes legal.
- (date unknown)LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation only.Sexual orientation protections only.
- Same-sex adoption becomes illegal.Miss. Code § 93-17-3(5) restricts adoptions making it illegal for a same-sex couple to adopt a child. Additionally, statute permits sexual orientation to be utilized as an adverse consideration in custody disputes.
- Same-sex adoption becomes illegal.Utah Code Ann. § 78B-6-117(3): Adoption may not be permitted to individuals who are not entered into a legal marriage in a cohabitation situation. This applies to foster parenting as well (§ 62A-4a-602). Second parent adoption is outlawed as well for same-sex couples.(§ 62A-4a-60)
- January 1LGBT housing discrimination becomes no protections.This state does not provide any legal protections from discrimination based upon sexual orientation or gender identification. However, the Human Rights Campaign states, "The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) requires grantees and participants of HUD programs to comply with local and state non-discrimination laws that include sexual orientation and gender identity. HUD also prohibits inquiries regarding the sexual orientation or gender identity of a prospective tenant or applicant for assisted housing in every state (March 2012)."
- (date unknown)LGBT discrimination becomes illegal in some contexts.While anti-discrimination laws may apply to transgender individuals in Romania, only sexual orientation is stated in their constitution. "Anti-discrimination legislation sanctions ‘any difference, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, nationality, ethnic origin, language, religion, social status, beliefs, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, chronic disease, HIV positive status, belonging to a disadvantaged group or any other criterion, aiming to or resulting in a restriction or prevention of the equal recognition, use or exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social and cultural field or in any other fields of public life.'"
- Serving openly in military becomes legal.Article 3 (1) of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany and Article 14 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms protect against unequal treatment on grounds of sexual orientation.
- Homosexual activity becomes ambiguous.Contemporary Egyptian law does not explicitly criminalize same-sex sexual acts. Instead, the state uses several morality provisions for the de facto criminalization of homosexual conduct. Any behavior, or the expression of any idea that is deemed to be immoral, scandalous or offensive to the teachings of a recognized religious leader may be prosecuted using these provisions. These public morality and public order laws have been used to target the LGBT community.
- January 1Serving openly in military becomes legal.Military protection is responsibility of the United Kingdom, hence their law applies.
- LGBT discrimination becomes illegal in some contexts.
- Same-sex marriage becomes other type of partnership.Statutory Cohabitation grants specific rights to cohabiting persons. Although not specifically intended for LGBT couples it was open for same sex couples.
- December 30Same-sex marriage becomes banned.Article 77 of the constitution states that marriage is a union between a man and a woman. It also limits de facto unions to opposite-sex couples only. Article 77 of the Constitution reads as follows: «Marriage between a man a woman, which is based on free consent and absolute equality of rights and obligations of the spouses, is protected. A stable de facto union between a man and a woman which meets the requirements established by law shall have the same effects as marriage.» Efforts to legalize marriage equality or civil unions in the legislatures have come and gone, with symbolic marriages being recognized in one city. These marriages were criticized as being expensive by LGBT activists, providing nothing. Some indigenous two spirit individuals are recognized by the Warao people, known as tida wena. They participated in two-spirit marriages. The relative comfort these individuals enjoyed for centuries were shattered at the beginning of Spanish settlement and prevailing norms have changed.
- December 28LGBT housing discrimination becomes no protections.
- Same-sex adoption becomes illegal.According to a study by the Council of Europe or the Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights, same-sex couples cannot adopt since Article 120 of the Family Code (1999) states that joint adoption is only allowed for married couples. The report suggests that in principle, there aren't any legal restrictions around adopting as an individual — gay or straight — however, all individuals are usually denied the right to adopt.
- December 21Equal age of consent becomes equal.The age of consent is 16 years old. However, this is due to the LGBT population not being officially mentioned or recognized in the law
- November 15Same-sex marriage becomes civil unions (limited rights).Under French law, both same sex and different sex couples can get a PACS, a civil union with limited rights. PACS are still available today.
- October 29
- October 25Intersex infant surgery becomes parental approval required.In 1999, in Judgment SU-337/99 (1999), the Constitutional Court ruled that surgery on a child's genitals can only be authorized with the consent of the intersex child and that the recommendations of doctors and the consent of parents are not enough for authorization to take place. In addition, the Court suggested that less invasive medical interventions could be carried out gradually if the child is not considered sufficiently autonomous to make the decision.
- October 18LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.
- July 12Equal age of consent becomes unequal.Article 365 of the Penal Code establishes 18 as age if consent for gay couples, whereas 14 is the standard age if consent for straight couples.
- July 1
- Same-sex marriage becomes unrecognized.
- May 7Right to change legal gender becomes legal, but requires medical diagnosis.The current law concerning legal gender recognition dates from 7 May 1999, the Common Requirements for Medical Operations for Gender Reassignment. Transgender people are not required to undergo sex reassignment surgery since 1997, sterilisation or divorce their partner, due to the specific wording of the Family Law Act. From October 2021, neither genetic testing or hormone replacement therapy are mandatory to later change legal data. First appointment with a medical expert committee is required to receive a ministerial decree authorizing hormone replacement therapy, followed by a second appointment with the same committee authorizing the change of legal data. Diagnosis from a psychiatrist before first committee appointment strongly recommended, committee bases its decision on this diagnosis as well as self-determination.
- March 22Conversion therapy becomes sexual orientation only.On March 22, 1999, Brazil became the first country to ban gay conversion therapy. The Federal Council of Psychology enacted Resolution CFP No. 001/99, which explicitly states that "homosexuality does not constitute a disease, disorder, or perversion." This landmark decision prevents psychologists from engaging in practices intended to 'cure' or alter an individual's sexual orientation.
- March 19Same-sex marriage becomes banned.Marriage was defined as "a civil contract whereby a man and a woman mutually agree to become husband and wife." with the passing of H.B 1013 in 1999. Article 68 of the Civil Code also explicitly prohibited marriages "between persons of the same sex or transsexuals contracted in other jurisdictions" from being recognized in Puerto Rico.
- Blood donations by MSMs becomes banned (indefinite deferral).The Northern Estonia Blood Centre did not initially allow MSM persons to donate blood.
- February 16Blood donations by MSMs becomes banned (indefinite deferral).Homosexual behavior is one of the grounds for permanent exclusion from donating blood (Guidelines on blood and blood components, Article 16)
- February 1Censorship of LGBT issues becomes imprisonment as punishment.not allowed entirelty
- January 19Homosexual activity becomes legal.Settlement of Williams v. Glendening, Baltimore Circuit Court. In 2023, Maryland removed the statute criminalising sodomy from its state law.
- January 9Homosexual activity becomes illegal (death penalty as punishment).LGBT activities are illegal in the UAE. Punishments (under sharia law) include death, life in prison, floggings, fines, deportation, chemical castration, forced psychological treatments, honor killings, beatings, forced anal examinations, forced hormone injections, and torture.
- (date unknown)Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1999, Trinidad and Tobago adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1999, Turkmenistan adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1999, Philippines adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Homosexual activity becomes male illegal, female legal.Male homosexuality is explicitly illegal and sodomy— defined as sexual intercourse between men —is punishable by up to two years in prison, with additional terms of two to five years in a labor camp possible, under the Criminal Code of Turkmenistan, Chapter 3; Article 135, section. In addition, the provisions of Article 19 of the code allow for increased penalties for repeat convictions, applying to any crime under the code. Prior to a 2019 amendment, the 1997 code's maximum term was two years.
- January 1
- Serving openly in military becomes lesbians, gays, bisexuals permitted, transgender people banned.Portugal is not one of the 22 countries that allows trans military service. Trans people aren't explicitly banned from joining the army, but due to discrimination and regulations that also apply to cis people, but more commonly affect trans people, they are unable to join.
- November 28Same-sex marriage becomes unrecognized.Albania does not legally recognize same-sex marriages, civil unions or domestic partnership benefits. There is no definition of marriage in the 1998 Constitution. Article 53: Everyone has the right to get married and have a family.... The entering into and dissolution of marriage are regulated by law." In the Family Law from 2003, Article 7 reads: "Marriage can be concluded between a man and a woman who are 18 years or older."
- November 23Homosexual activity becomes legal.Powell v. The State, Supreme Court of Georgia (1998).
- October 9Homosexual activity becomes legal.
- September 26Blood donations by MSMs becomes banned (indefinite deferral).Following Canadian Blood Services guidelines.
- September 1Right to change legal gender becomes legal, but requires medical diagnosis.The Family Code states that "correction of civil status records when changing gender is allowed only upon the conclusion of the health authorities".
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.
- August 20
- July 1Homosexual activity becomes illegal (up to life in prison as punishment).Section 16 of the Sexual Offences Special Provisions Act (1998) amended Section 154 of the Code to aggravate the penalty for "carnal knowledge against the order of nature”, raising it to "imprisonment for life and in any case to imprisonment for a term of not less than 30 years".
- June 5
- May 21Equal age of consent becomes unequal.Age of consent for homosexual couples set at 18 versus 16 for heterosexual couples.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.Homosexuality legalised following the European Court of Human Rights case of Modinos v. Cyprus.
- May 20LGBT discrimination becomes illegal in some contexts.General law on HIV/AIDS protects LGBT people from discrimination in some contexts.
- May 8
- April 22Homosexual activity becomes illegal (imprisonment as punishment).Imprisonment of up to 5 years for "gross indecency" (Decriminalization pending)
- April 2
- (date unknown)
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1998, Saint Kitts and Nevis adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1998, Luxembourg adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.The age of consent started being equal when homosexuality was legalized
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.Homosexuality in Zhambyl Oblysy is legal since it was legalized countrywide in 1998
- January 1Same-sex adoption becomes legal.Under state and federal law. Under a ruling by the supreme court.
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.legalized when they also equalized age of consent.
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.
- Same-sex adoption becomes legal.Under Federal Bill and provincial Bill. The provincial bill is Adoption Act 1998
- (date unknown)Same-sex adoption becomes single only.Single LGBT individuals may adopt children, but same-sex couples may not adopt jointly or by way of second parent adoption.
- January 1
- LGBT housing discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Discrimination is illegal for both sexual orientation and gender identity
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Discrimination is illegal for both sexual orientation and gender identity.
- (date unknown)LGBT housing discrimination becomes sexual orientation only.This state explicitly bans housing discrimination based upon sexual orientation only. Additionally, the Human Rights Campaign states, "The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) requires grantees and participants of HUD programs to comply with local and state non-discrimination laws that include sexual orientation and gender identity. HUD also prohibits inquiries regarding the sexual orientation or gender identity of a prospective tenant or applicant for assisted housing in every state (March 2012)."
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation only.State law provides protections from discrimination based on sexual orientation only. Additionally, public state employees are granted some benefits solely based upon marriage, same-sex partners are eligible to receive these benefits.
- Same-sex marriage becomes banned.Since homosexual activity is illegal in Tonga, same-sex marriage is not legal.
- January 1LGBT discrimination becomes illegal.There are several provision that bans discrimination against the basis of sexual orientations and gender identities. A court ruling has also stated that the general anti-discrimination law in the constitution extends its coverage to sexual orientation and gender identities as well.
- (date unknown)Homosexual activity becomes legal.
- Homosexual activity becomes male illegal, female legal.up to 2 years imprisonment for men
- November 27Equal age of consent becomes equal.The age of consent in Ecuador is 14, regardless of gender or sexual orientation. (Penal Code, Art 512)
- November 26
- November 15
- Right to change legal gender becomes legal, but requires surgery.Transgender people are able to change their gender on identification documents after being issued a document from a health institution confirming the surgical requirements.
- October 1Homosexual activity becomes legal.Since October 1997 homosexual relationships are not criminalised in Kyrgyzstan.
- July 25
- July 16
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.The law sets the age of consent as 16 for all sexual activities ("sodomy and "lesbianism" included explicitly.)
- June 28
- May 1
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.Follows from Australian law due to being a territory of Australia without any population
- April 24Right to change legal gender becomes legal, no restrictions.Previous ministerial decree regulating legal gender recognition, the on the Establishment of Mandatory Processes for Gender Reassignment. Transgender people were not required to undergo sex reassignment surgery, sterilisation or divorce their partner. Appointment with medical expert committee required.
- April 17Same-sex marriage becomes banned.The family code was amended to prohibit same sex marriage.
- March 28Same-sex marriage becomes banned.In March of 1997, the Maine Legislature passed a statute that restricted marriage to opposite-sex couples. The Governor at the time, Angus S. King, Jr., signed the bill into law.
- March 14
- (date unknown)
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1997, El Salvador adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- January 1Gender-affirming care becomes restricted.
- (date unknown)Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1997, Costa Rica adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1997, South Korea adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- January 1Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1997, Montenegro adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1997, Chile adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition. In 2023, the Gender Identity Support Program "Crece con Orgullo" began operating, which is aimed at children and adolescents from 3 to 17 years old, and includes gender-affirmative care. The state program was born under Decree 3 (2019) created by the Regulation of Article 23 of Law No. 21,120, which recognizes and protects the Right to Gender Identity.
- (date unknown)
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.
- January 1
- (date unknown)Same-sex marriage becomes other type of partnership.In 1997, the state established reciprocal beneficiary relationships, open to all couples as well as blood relatives, offering numerous spousal rights including the ability to sue for wrongful death, decisions about health care, proptery rights and co-tenancy, inheritance without a will, and insurance and state pensions.
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.The age of consent in Thailand is 15 regardless of gender or sexual orientation.
- January 1Equal age of consent becomes varies by region.The age of consent in Russia is 16 for same-sex couples. However, in Chechnya, the age of consent is N/A because homosexuality is de facto illegal there.
- November 26Same-sex marriage becomes banned.Article 32 of the Constitution of Belarus defines marriage to be exclusively between a man and woman.
- November 1Equal age of consent becomes equal.Age of consent in North Macedonia is set to 14 years and is equal for everyone.
- Same-sex marriage becomes unrecognized.There is no definition of marriage in the 1991 Constitution. Article 40: "Legal relations in marriage, family and cohabitation are regulated by law." Family Law from 1992, article 6: "Marriage is a legally regulated union of life between a husband and wife in which the interests of the spouses, the family and society are realized."
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.The Criminal Code of the Republic of Macedonia adopted on July 23, 1996 decriminalized consensual homosexual intercourse between men.
- October 16Same-sex marriage becomes banned.In 1996, a statute defining marriage as between one man and one woman came into effect. Part of the statue read: "A marriage between persons of the same sex which was entered into in another state or foreign jurisdiction, even if valid where entered into, shall be void in this Commonwealth."
- August 29
- August 24Same-sex marriage becomes banned.Mississippi governor ordered an executive order to ban same sex marriage
- July 1Same-sex marriage becomes civil unions (marriage rights).On July 1, 1996, Greenland embraced Denmark's registered partnership law, granting legal recognition to same-sex couples. This move was a pivotal moment in advancing LGBTQ+ rights in Greenland, signaling a step towards greater equality and inclusion within the community.
- June 28Same-sex marriage becomes banned.Article 51 of the Constitution of Ukraine, adopted in 1996, defines marriage as a union between a man and a woman. However, things may change soon. The country’s current president Zelensky stated that Ukraine’s government may allow civil partnerships for same-sex couples in the future.
- June 27
- June 1LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation only.Federal human rights law applies directly to only federal government employment and employers which fall under federal jurisdiction. Gender identity is only implicitly protected under interpretation of the law by the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal. Attempts have been made to have gender identity and gender expression added as protected classes to both the Canadian Human Rights Act and Criminal Code, though none of these attempts so far has been successful. Provincial human rights acts are separate, but Supreme Court precedent exists for requiring provinces to protect the same classes as the Canadian Human Rights Act. At this time all provinces protect against employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Of the provinces only Ontario has explicit protection on the basis of both gender identity and gender expression in its human rights code, though several provide implicit protections on the basis of gender identity or "transsexualism" under the category of "sex" or "gender".
- May 15Same-sex marriage becomes unrecognized.Tennessee Act of 1996 define marriage as a union between one man and one woman.
- May 8Same-sex marriage becomes banned.Several provisions within the constitution, the family law and the civil code points to the definition of a marriage as being a union between a man and a woman.
- LGBT discrimination becomes illegal.Prohibition of "sexual orientation" discrimination was first included at Section 8 of the Interim Constitution that came into force in April 1994, and was carried through Section 9(3) of the Constitution of South Africa (1996). On the 10th of May 2024, the President gave royal assent to the Hate Crimes and Hate Speech act which further strengthened LGBT protections in South Africa. The act provides protections under grounds of albinism, ethnic or social origin, gender, HIV and AIDS status, nationality, migrant or refugee status or asylum seekers, race, religion, sex or sexual orientation, gender identity or expression or sex characteristics.
- Serving openly in military becomes legal.South Africa is currently the only African country to allow transgender service in their military.
- January 26Homosexual activity becomes legal.Campbell v. Sundquist struck down the state's Homosexual Practices Act, ruling the state's same-sex-only sodomy law violated their right to privacy under Tennessee's Constitution, which is a right that was recognized in the 1992 case of Davis v. Davis.
- January 24Right to change legal gender becomes legal, but requires surgery.Gender reassignment surgeries are legal in Singapore, and in 1973 the government allowed patients to change their identity cards. This change implicitly recognized marriages that included an individual that had undergone surgery. In 1996, Member of Parliament (MP) Abdullah Tarmugi made an announcement that individuals who have undergone surgery could marry someone of the opposite sex.
- (date unknown)
- January 1
- (date unknown)Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1996, Saint Lucia adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1996, South Africa adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.Probably since Norway adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood in 1996, trans people have the right to access gender-affirming care through the country's public health system if they are above the age of 16 and have a psychiatric diagnosis. Teens are given the right to puberty blockers after puberty has started. Treatment is not offered to non-binary patients. Surgeries are not recommended under 18, but some can get top surgery.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1996, Netherlands adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- January 1
- (date unknown)Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1996, Dominican Republic adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- January 1Gender-affirming care becomes restricted.In 1996, Brunei adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition. Brunei doesn't allow sex reassignment surgeries but hormonal treatment isn't banned.
- (date unknown)Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1996, Brazil adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition. Since 2020, people above the age of 16 can have access to HRT through the Brazilian public healthcare system, with parental authorization being required for those who are under 18. Sex reassignment surgeries are also granted for trans people above 18 years old.
- Homosexual activity becomes illegal (death penalty as punishment).Homosexuality became legal in every Russian federal subject in 1993, except for Chechnya. While Chechnya does not have an official law dictating what to do against LGBTQ+ people, openly LGBTQ+ people will either get arrested, or possibly killed. Chechen police will participate in "honor killings" towards anyone who demonstrates homosexual activity or activism for queer rights.
- January 1
- (date unknown)Same-sex marriage becomes unregistered cohabitation.Unregistered cohabitation confers limited rights to unmarried couples.
- January 1LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Employment Discrimination illegal.
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Under Icelandic Criminal Code.
- (date unknown)
- LGBT housing discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Section 9(3) of the South African Constitution prohibits unfair discrimination on the grounds of sex, gender and sexual orientation. In addition, the Constitutional Court has stated that the section must also be interpreted as prohibiting discrimination against transgender people.
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Section 9(3) of the South African Constitution prohibits unfair discrimination on the grounds of sex, gender and sexual orientation. In addition, the Constitutional Court has stated that the section must also be interpreted as prohibiting discrimination against transgender people.
- January 1LGBT discrimination becomes illegal.There is protection against discrimination at court in the criminal code.
- (date unknown)Blood donations by MSMs becomes banned (1-year deferral).The Red Cross controls blood donations in Australia and it has a ban on MSMs active in the last year
- November 23
- LGBT discrimination becomes illegal.Art. 22.4 criminal code. In the current penal code is considered an aggravating.
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.Actually the criminal code in Spain is under review in order to increase the age of consent.
- November 14
- August 30LGBT discrimination becomes illegal.According to the Constitution, any kind of discrimination is illegal as long as a person is considered a competent citizen. (Article 14 of the Constitution). And a non-cishet person may not be considered one, since neither sexual orientation nor gender identity is considered a mental illness by the Ministry of the Republic of Kazakhstan As an example, in 2019 the Supreme Court of Kazakhstan ordered a compensation for illegally uploading a photo of two women kissing on Facebook without their consent Also in 2019, the government of Kazakhstan adopted a recommendation to ensure the freedom of human rights advocacy for the LGBTI groups Date shown is the date the Constitution of Kazakhstan was accepted. Article 14 has been included ever since
- July 5LGBT discrimination becomes no protections.The constitution does not prohibit discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity
- July 4Same-sex adoption becomes legal.British-Columbia was the first province to allow gay couples to adopt children. M v. H (Canada) rules that Constitution protects same-sex couples federally.
- June 1Equal age of consent becomes unequal.The age of consent was 18 years for homosexual intercourse and 13 years for heterosexual intercourse (for girls).
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.The Penal Code passed on January 27, 1995 decriminalized consensual homosexual intercourse. Article 116 - the crime of "homosexuality" which punished homosexual intercourse when conducted forcefully, with minor people, or with persons unable to protect themselves has been completely repealed by amending the law from 2001.
- May 29Same-sex marriage becomes unrecognized.Article 78 of the civil code defines marriage to be a union between a man and a woman
- May 25
- January 1
- (date unknown)
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1995, Switzerland adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1995, San Marino adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- January 1
- (date unknown)Right to change legal gender becomes legal, but requires medical diagnosis.Gender marker change requires initiating a court procedure in which the applicant must file an “assessment suit”, manufacturing proceedings between the applicant and their family. This procedure is very subjective and can result in summary dismissal of the applicant’s suit. Conditions can include a “real-life test”, requiring the applicant to have expressed their gender identity publicly for two years (often without any medical intervention) and medical testing, both psychological and physical. This procedure is based on the Supreme Court decision of 22 March 1991 which interprets the sense of belonging to a gender as “a personal good”, per Article 23 of the Civil Code (1964), meaning that a suit can be brought on this basis under Article 189 of the Code. Another Supreme Court judgment of 22 September 1995 established that parents or guardians of the applicant are the defendants in the lawsuit taken. Reports produced by Transfuzja showed that a diagnosis of “transsexualism” can be obtained through a series of tests and examinations, both psychological and physical, including head x-rays, genitalia examination and karyotype check. As there are no unified standards to diagnose a person of “transsexualism” in Poland, healthcare providers “recommend” a two-year “real life” test, during which the applicant is required to live full-time as their preferred gender, but they are not prescribed any hormonal treatment and they are still unable to change their legal status. While it is possible to receive hormonal treatment without a diagnosis, this practice can complicate legal gender recognition court procedures. In the resolution of the Court Supreme Court (ref. no. III CZP 100/77), the court found admissible gender change without surgery. In the same judgment, the court decided that it was possible to rectify the birth certificate.
- January 1
- (date unknown)Same-sex adoption becomes legal.Single and joint adoption are permitted per N.J. Stat. §9:3-43. Second-parent adoption is permitted via case law in H.N.R, 666 A.2d 535 (N.J.Super, 1995)
- Same-sex adoption becomes illegal.The 1995 Administrative Memorandum of the Nebraska Division of Children and Family Services introduced a ban on fostering and adoption by individuals identifying as "homosexual" as well as unmarried individuals.
- January 1
- (date unknown)
- January 1LGBT discrimination becomes illegal in some contexts.Article 141 of Slovenian Penal Code adopted on September 29, 1994, strictly prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation. This protection applies to any of the human rights or fundamental freedoms recognized by the international community or determined by the constitution or laws of Slovenia.
- December 1
- LGBT housing discrimination becomes no protections.
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes no protections.Do to homophobia in the country. Only protections for gender identity and expression.
- LGBT discrimination becomes no protections.No protection provision exist within neither the Penal code nor the Constitution
- September 29
- September 22LGBT housing discrimination becomes no protections.
- Same-sex marriage becomes banned.As homosexuality is illegal, same sex union is also illegal by default.
- Homosexual activity becomes male illegal, female legal.Article 120 states male homosexuality is punishable by 3 years in prison. Female homosexuality is not illegal, but lesbians still face heavy social persecution.
- July 22Equal age of consent becomes unequal.The age of sexual consent was 18 years old for anal intercourse between men and 14 years for other sexual practices.
- Equal age of consent becomes unequal.The age of sexual consent was 18 years old for anal intercourse between two men and 14 years for other sexual practices.
- Same-sex marriage becomes unrecognized.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.On July 14, 1994, Parliament of Serbia repealed paragraph 3 of article 110 of Criminal Code and thus decriminalized male homosexuality on its entire territory, including the autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo & Metohija. Since the self-proclaimed independence of 2008, homosexuality has been legal in the Republic of Kosovo.
- June 11
- May 17Same-sex marriage becomes banned.Article 58 of the 1972 constitution defined marriage as a different-sex union. Article 34 of the Family Code (1994) establishes that people of the same sex cannot marry each other. In 2018, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled that the American convetion on Human rights mandates the recognition of same-sex marriage, recommending that countries issue decrees until legislation was brought into place. In March 2023, after seven years of delay the court ruled that there is no positive right to same-sex marriage in Panama under the constitution, halting any potential change for the time being through the courts.
- May 13
- April 27Equal age of consent becomes ambiguous.Section 14 of the Sexual Offences Act 23 of 1957, as inserted by the Immorality Amendment Act 2 of 1988, set the age of consent for gay and lesbian sex at 19, as opposed to 16 for straight sex. However, in the case of Geldenhuys v National Director of Public Prosecutions and Others the Constitutional Court found this discrimination to be unconstitutional, and set 16 as the uniform age of consent retroactively to 27 April 1994.
- March 31
- March 1Equal age of consent becomes equal.The age of consent in Belarus is 16 years, as stated in Articles 168 and 169, which read: "Sexual intercourse, sodomy, lesbian intercourse or other sexual acts committed by adults who have reached eighteen years of age, with a person who is obviously not reached sixteen years of age, with no signs of crimes envisaged by Articles 166 and 167 of this Code, shall be punished by restriction of liberty from two to four years, or imprisonment for a term of two to five years. "and" indecent assault, committed by a person under eighteen years of age, in relation to a person who obviously has not attained the age of sixteen, in the absence of evidence of the crimes stipulated in Articles 166, 167 and 168 of this Code, shall be punished by imprisonment for up to six months or imprisonment for a term of one to three years "
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.Only form of homosexuality that is illegal is non-consensual homosexual intercourse
- February 1LGBT housing discrimination becomes sexual orientation only.The Human Rights Act 1993 (Māori: Te Ture Tika Tangata 1993) outlaws discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. Initially, this law temporarily exempted government activities until 1999. In 1998, an amendment bill was introduced making this exemption permanent; this was abandoned following a change of government in 1999. The new Labour Government instead passed another amendment to apply the Act to government activities, and also to create a new ability for the courts to "declare" legislation inconsistent with the Act. There is no explicit protection from discrimination based on gender identity/expression. In 2023, the Human Rights Amendment Bill (2023) was introduced in parliament to include “gender identity”.
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation only.The Human Rights Act 1993 (Māori: Te Ture Tika Tangata 1993) outlaws discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. Initially, this law temporarily exempted government activities until 1999. In 1998, an amendment bill was introduced making this exemption permanent; this was abandoned following a change of government in 1999. The new Labour Government instead passed another amendment to apply the Act to government activities, and also to create a new ability for the courts to "declare" legislation inconsistent with the Act. There is no explicit protection from discrimination based on gender identity/expression. In 2023, the Human Rights Amendment Bill (2023) was introduced in parliament to include “gender identity”.
- Serving openly in military becomes legal.
- LGBT discrimination becomes illegal in some contexts.The Human Rights Act 1993 (Māori: Te Ture Tika Tangata 1993) outlaws discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. Initially, this law temporarily exempted government activities until 1999. In 1998, an amendment bill was introduced making this exemption permanent; this was abandoned following a change of government in 1999. The new Labour Government instead passed another amendment to apply the Act to government activities, and also to create a new ability for the courts to "declare" legislation inconsistent with the Act. There is no explicit protection from discrimination based on gender identity/expression. In 2023, the Human Rights Amendment Bill (2023) was introduced in parliament to include “gender identity”.
- January 1Censorship of LGBT issues becomes imprisonment as punishment.under article 7 of law of public associations
- (date unknown)
- January 1
- (date unknown)
- Gender-affirming care becomes legal.In 1994, Czech Republic adopted the ICD-10 classification, which contains codes for diagnosing transsexualism in adulthood and childhood, which authorize the initiation of medical transition.
- January 1
- (date unknown)
- Same-sex marriage becomes unrecognized.In the areas administrated by the Palestinian Authority and the Gaza Strip, same-sex marriage is unrecognized.
- Same-sex marriage becomes unregistered cohabitation.Israel does not legally recognize same-sex marriage. In Israel, marriage is mostly regulated by religious institutions. However, in 1994 Israel expanded the Legal status of Unregistered Cohabitation to same sex couples, today it works virtually the same way as marriage with a few exceptions. Israel was the first country in Asia to grant such recognition and this legal status is still available to same sex couples.
- January 1LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.
- LGBT housing discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Since they passed a Hate crime laws.
- LGBT housing discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.
- LGBT housing discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.
- LGBT discrimination becomes illegal.
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.
- LGBT discrimination becomes illegal.one of the few places in the Caribbean with discrimination protections.
- (date unknown)
- Equal age of consent becomes unequal.A bill was signed to reduce the age of consent for men who have sex with men from 21 to 18.
- Same-sex adoption becomes illegal.Same-sex couples are not permitted joint or second parent adoption.
- January 1
- December 21Serving openly in military becomes don't ask, don't tell.Don't Ask, Don't Tell was the historic compromise signed by President Bill Clinton authorizing people who are LGBT to serve in the military provided they didn't disclose sexuality. The law also removed the ability for others in the military from asking for a service member's orientation.
- October 31LGBT discrimination becomes no protections.Even though the constitution states that people should not be discriminated due to "any reasons", there are no specific provision for sexual orientations or gender identities.
- August 1
- June 24
- May 27Homosexual activity becomes legal.Homosexuality became legal in Russia in May 27, 1993.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.Homosexuality became legal in Russia in May 27, 1993.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.Homosexuality became legal in Russia in May 27, 1993.
- Homosexual activity becomes varies by region.Homosexuality became legal in Russia in May 27, 1993. Now at the moment, homosexuality is legal except 1 region-Chechnya. On November 30, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation recognized the LGBT movement as extremist and banned it. However, according to the court's decision, this does not concern the private life of LGBT people, but more concerns LGBT activists, it is also prohibited to use LGBT symbols and demonstrate them. It is not forbidden to make a coming out. This is accurate information, as the data has been studied in ILGA and this statement by LGBT human rights organizations and lawyers.
- April 23Same-sex marriage becomes unrecognized.The civil code defines marriage as a union of people with opposite sex
- April 2LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Language protects based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Religious exemptions apply.
- LGBT housing discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity is illegal. Religious exemptions apply. Additionally, the Human Rights Campaign states, "The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) requires grantees and participants of HUD programs to comply with local and state non-discrimination laws that include sexual orientation and gender identity. HUD also prohibits inquiries regarding the sexual orientation or gender identity of a prospective tenant or applicant for assisted housing in every state (March 2012)."
- LGBT discrimination becomes illegal.Language specifically protects on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. Exemptions exist for religiously affiliated/operated organizations.
- January 1
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Full discrimination protection.
- (date unknown)
- Equal age of consent becomes unequal.Following decriminalisation, the age of consent for gay men was set at 18, compared to 16 for heterosexuals and lesbians.
- January 1
- LGBT housing discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Full discrimination protection.
- (date unknown)Same-sex adoption becomes legal.Any person may adopt per state statute, and case law has permitted second-parent adoptions.
- Same-sex adoption becomes legal.Any person of "full age" may adopt, and second-parent adoption is also legal.
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.
- January
- January 1Equal age of consent becomes equal.The age of consent in Ireland is 17 for heterosexual and homosexual sex. Section 2 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 1993 states: "Subject to sections 3 and 5 of this Act, any rule of law by virtue of which buggery between persons is an offence is hereby abolished."
- (date unknown)LGBT discrimination becomes illegal.Equal Rights Act of 1993 banned discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. Hate crimes in the Netherlands have been rising in recent years.
- JanuarySame-sex adoption becomes varies by region.
- (date unknown)
- December 8LGBT discrimination becomes no protections.Discrimination is systemic. As well homosexuality is currently illegal.
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes no protections.
- LGBT discrimination becomes no protections.The anti-discrimination provision in the constitution does not even mention "and all other reasons", allowing discrimination based on sexual orientations and gender identities altogether.
- November 24Serving openly in military becomes legal.Australia responsible for defence.
- Serving openly in military becomes legal.LGBTQ+ people are allowed to serve in the Australian army.
- October 25Same-sex marriage becomes banned.Constitutionally banned since 1992. A bill that would have allowed civil unions with limited rights for same-sex couples would have been discussed soon in the Parliament but that was taken off the schedule. A court in 2023 stated that a same-sex couple who married abroad cannot register their marriage.
- October 10
- Serving openly in military becomes legal.Douglas v. Canada (1992) lifts national ban on LGBT involvement in military.
- Serving openly in military becomes legal.LGBT soldiers are permitted to serve in the Canadian military.
- September 24Homosexual activity becomes legal.Sodomy law remains in the Kentucky statutes but is not enforceable due to the United States Supreme Court's ruling in Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
- SeptemberHomosexual activity becomes legal.Homosexuality was decriminalised by the Sexual Offences Act 1992.
- August 10
- June 20LGBT housing discrimination becomes no protections.No protection is afforded for neither gender identity or sexual orientation
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes no protections.No protection is afforded specifically for sexual orientation or gender identity
- June 5Right to change legal gender becomes legal, but requires surgery.The first sex change operation in Serbia was performed in 1989 by prof. Dr. Sava Perović, the founder of this branch of medicine in Serbia. The first case of legal gender change was recorded on June 5, 1992, when the Municipal Secretariat for the General Administration of the Municipality of Savski Venac in Belgrade issued a decision approving the correction of the registered gender "from female to male" for a female person in the birth register.
- May 18
- Same-sex marriage becomes unrecognized.Marriage is not recognized. However, it is implied to be illegal for male as male homosexuality is illegal.
- May 17Serving openly in military becomes lesbians, gays, bisexuals permitted, transgender people banned.Code pénal suisse. Code pénal militaire (Infraction contre l'intégrité sexuelle): Modification du 21 juin 1991 pp 63-78. Switzerland has yet to allow Trans people to serve in the military
- May 7Homosexual activity becomes legal.Homosexual activity has been legal in Estonia since its independence from the USSR.
- April 6Right to change legal gender becomes legal, no restrictions.The first transgender person to change their legal gender in independent Estonia did so on 6 April 1992. This followed a decision by a medical expert committee convened to assess her case. Her birth certificate was corrected on this date, this was viewed as a pre-requisite to any surgery, which would have otherwise been considered mutilation under the law. While gender-affirming surgery was later carried out, it was not a pre-requisite for legal gender recognition. The state of affairs was not regulated by law, but others were known to have been given authorization by the same medical expert committee to change their legal data. This was ended in around 1994, since the Ministry of Social Affairs and Ministry of the Interior could not agree on whether surgery should be a pre-requisite for legal gender recognition. During that time, legal gender recognition was not possible. This stand-off eventually resulted in the 1997 decree not requiring surgery for legal gender recognition, in exchange for the relevant minister signing off on every transgender person requesting such recognition.
- March 30LGBT discrimination becomes illegal in some contexts.
- (date unknown)Gender-affirming care becomes legal, but restricted for minors.In 1992, Philippines adopted the ICD-9 classification, which included codes allowing for the diagnosis of transsexualism in adults.
- LGBT discrimination becomes no protections.In the areas administrated by the palestinian authority and the gaza strip, there is no protections for lgbt personel. For Israeli citizens in the Occupied West Bank; Employment, Hate Speech and Good & Services Discriminations covered.
- Equal age of consent becomes unequal.
- January 1
- LGBT discrimination becomes no protections.Homosexuality is illegal. As well physical and violent homophobic attacks against LGBT people are common, often encouraged by the media and religious and political leaders. Reports of young gay people being kicked out of their homes are also common. Discrimination in state employment only.
- Serving openly in military becomes legal.
- Serving openly in military becomes legal.
- Serving openly in military becomes legal.
- Serving openly in military becomes legal.
- LGBT housing discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Full discrimination protection.
- LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.Under Hates Crimes.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.
- (date unknown)LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation only.Gender identity is not spelled out in the BC Human Rights Code
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.
- January 1LGBT discrimination becomes illegal in some contexts.
- (date unknown)Serving openly in military becomes legal.Homosexuals can serve openly in all branches of the military.
- January 1Serving openly in military becomes legal.Technically, homosexuals can serve openly in the military. There are no laws protecting them against discriminations though.
- LGBT discrimination becomes illegal in some contexts.Illegal (housing discrimination) for transgender people
- (date unknown)Equal age of consent becomes equal.Consensual age is Switzerland is 16 years old, unless the difference in age between the persons involved is not more than 3 years.
- December 25Serving openly in military becomes don't ask, don't tell.Only 22 countries allow trans service, Kyrgyzstan is not one of them
- LGBT discrimination becomes no protections.There are no discrimination laws for sexual orientation and gender identities. The date shown is that of the foundation of the country.
- December 23
- December 18
- December 16Censorship of LGBT issues becomes no censorship.There used to be no laws restricting the discussion or promotion of the LGBTQ+ related topics. The earliest case of censorship known in this country was when the government announced a n animated movie ban in 2022 due to a one-second scene showing a same-sex kiss
- Same-sex marriage becomes unrecognized.Though not banned constitutionally, neither same-sex marriage nor civil unions are legal. Source listed is the Family Code
- December 12
- OctoberHomosexual activity becomes legal.Consensual homosexual intercourse between men has been decriminalized nationwide since 1991.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.Consensual homosexual intercourse between men has been decriminalized nationwide since 1991.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.Consensual homosexual intercourse between men has been decriminalized nationwide since 1991.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.In 1991, Parliament of Bosnia and Herzegovina repealed paragraph 2 of article 93 of Criminal Code and thus decriminalized male homosexuality.
- August 25
- LGBT discrimination becomes no protections.Even though article 22 states all citizens are equal, sexual orientations and gender identities are not included in the forms of discriminations covered.
- July 12LGBT employment discrimination becomes no protections.No protection is granted as homosexuality still carries a death sentence.
- LGBT discrimination becomes no protections.Homosexuality is illegal in Mauritania. As such, date provided is the date where the most recent version of the constitution came into effect.
- Same-sex marriage becomes banned.Article 46 of The Constitution of Bulgaria (1991) defines marriage as a “free union between a man and a woman.” Bulgaria has recognized one gay marriage because of a court ruling, and only one being recognized does not mean they recognize foreign gay marriages.
- June 21Homosexual activity becomes legal.Homosexual acts were not mentioned anymore in the revision of the Penal Code of 1991. Therefore the age of consent was lowered to 16 years old for all consenting sexual intercourse.
- June 11LGBT housing discrimination becomes ambiguous.Some protection under Article 23 of the Constitution.
- Same-sex marriage becomes banned.Marriage in Burkina Faso is defined as between a man and a woman. Article 23 of the country's constitution of 1991 states: "Marriage is founded on the free consent of the man and of the woman. All discrimination founded on race, colour, religion, ethnicity, caste, social origin, or fortune is forbidden in the matter of marriage."
- April 3
- April 1Homosexual activity becomes male illegal, female uncertain.Article 354 of the Federal Penal Code could be Imprisonment,fines, floggings,and deportation for foreigners In Abu Dhabi Article 80 of the Penal Code punishable by imprisonment of up to 14 years. In Dubai Article 177 of the Penal Code imposes imprisonment of up to 10 years . Not enforced .If you a travelers or foreigner you will be in jail followed by deportation or directed deportation
- February 1
- (date unknown)
- January 1
- Serving openly in military becomes lesbians, gays, bisexuals permitted, transgender people banned.Legal for LGB people, but not transgender people.
- (date unknown)
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.
- December 24Same-sex adoption becomes ambiguous.The Lao family law states in article 38 that people who have "inappropriate behaviours" or those who have had their parental rights withdrawn may not adopt children. However, LGBT is not explicitly covered in the way this law is written so the result is ambiguous.
- December 8Homosexual activity becomes illegal (imprisonment as punishment).There are no known instances of imposition of the death penalty, or sentences to life in prison, according to the US Department of State, Amnesty and the ILGA. Prison sentences, fines, floggings, and deportation for foreign nationals, are known to have been consequences of suspected or established same-sex sexual conduct.
- November 29Same-sex marriage becomes unrecognized.Article 1 of the marriage law defines marriage to be a union between a man and a woman. Laos has not introduced any specific legislation around marriage equality for same-sex couples.
- September 13Blood donations by MSMs becomes banned (indefinite deferral).Costa Rica banned gays from donating blood with Executive Decree 19933-S. The Degree was published in the Sept. 13, 1990 edition of the official government newspaper, La Gaceta. The order specifically identified gay men, sex workers, intravenous drug users and others as “high risk” for blood donation, citing concerns about HIV-AIDS.
- July 24
- July 1Equal age of consent becomes equal.The age of consent in Czech Republic is 15 years for both heterosexual and homosexual individuals.
- March 21Equal age of consent becomes female equal, male n/a.The age of consent in Namibia is 16 years of age. However, sexual acts performed by males are illegal so the age of consent is irrelevant for them.
- Homosexual activity becomes male illegal, female legal.When Namibia gained independence from South Africa in 1990, they inherited the Roman-Dutch common law. The law criminalizes sodomy and unnatural sexual offences. This law is only applied toward sodomy performed by men. The High Court was expected to rule on the matter of the legality of homosexuality in Namibia on May 17, 2024, but decided to postpone this matter until June.
- March 12LGBT discrimination becomes no protections.Discrimination is legal (as there are no provisions) and the date provided is the date that the constitution of the country is written. Discrimination protection is only granted for sex, race, social and economic conditions.
- January 9
- (date unknown)Same-sex marriage becomes civil unions (limited rights).Before 01 April 2001, gay couples could have civil unions but were not able to marry.
- Gender-affirming care becomes restricted.In 1990, Sudan legalized sterilization, which de facto meant legalizing sex reassignment surgery, however, medical records regarding transsexualism had to be obtained abroad.
- Homosexual activity becomes legal.Christmas Island follows the law of West Australia, as the island belongs to Australia. West Australia decriminalized homosexual activity with the Decriminalisation of Sodomy Act. However, the age of consent for homosexuals stood at 21, while the heterosexual age of consent was 16. This was equalized in 2002.
- Equal age of consent becomes unequal.Female same-gender sexual activity always legal. Male same-gender sexual activity legalised in 1990. This does not include 'sodomy' (anal intercourse)- it is illegal for anyone regardless of orientation or gender under 18 to partake in.
- Equal age of consent becomes equal.
- Homosexual activity becomes illegal (imprisonment as punishment).Prison up to 10 years. (Decriminalization pending)
- Same-sex marriage becomes civil unions (marriage rights).Before April 1st 2001, gay people could not marry, but had access to civil unions.