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1981 in LGBT Rights

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In 1981, there were 12 recorded legal changes made affecting LGBT people. In the previous year, there were 16 changes made and 16 in the following year. A total of 149 legal changes were made in the 1980s.

  • September 18
    Right to change legal gender becomes legal, but requires surgery.
    Before the JaParker Deoni Jones Birth Certificate Equality Amendment Act of 2013 trans people could only change their birth certificates upon confirmation of sex reassignment surgery under the D.C. Vital Records Act of 1981.
  • July 7
    Censorship of LGBT issues becomes imprisonment as punishment.
    The 1981 Penal Code of Cote d'Ivoire contained Article 360, which gives a penalty of three months to two years imprisonment for "acts of outrage to public decency". The code also contained a clause stating that if it was an "improper or unnatural act with a person of the same sex", the sentence would be imprisonment from six months to two years instead. There was no information as to whether it was used to persecute LGBTIQ+ people in practice but the explicit provision was removed in the 2019 Penal Code.
  • February 1
    (deleted region)
    Homosexual activity becomes legal.
    Homosexual activities were legalised in Scotland — on the same basis as that which was used for the 1967 Act – by Section 80 of the Criminal Justice
  • (date unknown)
    Same-sex marriage becomes banned.
    The 1981 "MUSLIM MARRIAGES REGISTRATION ACT" refers to marriage as between a "bride" and a "bridegroom"
  • Gender-affirming care becomes legal, but restricted for minors.
    In 1981, the Department of Sexology and Pathology of Interpersonal Relationships was established in Warsaw, which was the first facility in Poland providing help to transgender people, including the diagnosis of gender dysphoria and hormone therapy. Since then, many similar healthcare facilities have been established, including private ones, after the fall of the communist system in Poland.
  • Blood donations by MSMs becomes banned (indefinite deferral).
    In reaction to the HIV/AIDS crisis, MSMs were banned from donating blood for life.
  • January 1
    Same-sex adoption becomes illegal.
    The Law on Marriage and Family Relations adopted on June 5, 1980 also recognized two categories of adoption: "incomplete adoption" and "full adoption". In the first case, adoptive parents could be both individuals and married partners (Article 157). In the second case, adoptive parents are married partners, and exceptionally unmarried persons if there are justified reasons for that (Article 191).
  • (date unknown)
    Censorship of LGBT issues becomes state-enforced.
    Tanzania has a history of enforcing strict laws against the LGBT community. Same-sex sexual activity is illegal and can be punished by imprisonment. The government has also taken steps to restrict LGBT rights organizations and their activities. Public attitudes towards the LGBT community in Tanzania can be quite hostile, which contributes to a challenging environment for individuals who identify as LGBT. It's important to stay informed about the current situation and exercise caution when discussing or engaging in LGBT-related issues in Tanzania. The 1981 Penal Code criminalises selling, distributing or exhibiting "materials that are tending to corrupt morals" in Article 175 which is often used to censor LGBTIQ+ topics.
  • LGBT housing discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.
    Section 5 of the Act on the Prohibition of Discrimination on the grounds of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Gender Expression bans discrimination towards LGBTQ+ persons. Norwegian law prohibits discrimination against sexual orientation and gender identity. This extends to housing and employment sectors.
  • LGBT employment discrimination becomes sexual orientation and gender identity.
    As of 1981, Employment discrimination was outlawed as well as LGBTQ discrimination.
  • LGBT discrimination becomes illegal.
    Section 5 of the Act on the Prohibition of Discrimination on the grounds of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Gender Expression bans discrimination towards LGBTQ+ persons. Norway was the first country in the world to enact a law against the discrimination of LGBT people by amending Paragraph 349a of the Norwegian Penal Code. In the same year Paragraph 135a was amended to prohibit hate speech directed at sexual minorities.
  • January 1
    Same-sex marriage becomes banned.
    The Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China which went into effect on January 1st, 1981, defines marriage as between a man and a woman. However, there wasn’t an explicit ban on same-sex civil unions, so the door has been left open for these.

LGBT Organizations Founded in 1981